The author, through this editorial article, will show some of her clinical observations regarding the whole process of lock down of COVID-19 pandemic and the influences of all these alterations in a child’s learning process, taking classes at a distance, through com- puter or cell phone. In the article written by Cowan (2014) entit- led Working Memory Underpins Cognitive Development, Learning, and Education, the author is saying that working memory is the in- formation that can be held in mind and important to execute some cognitive activities.

Introduction: The management of giant sphenopetroclival meningioma (SPCM) remains a hurdle for clinicians in many countries. The development of the instrument and surgical technique have improved the clinical outcomes, especially in developed countries. However, the limitation of facilities as well as the cost remains a major in developing countries, like Indonesia. Our study aims to modify the neurosurgical services of SPCM by considering the limited cost and facilities in our institution. Methods: We collected the data of SPCM within the year 2019 and evaluated the surgical approaches, outcomes, and cost-effectiveness based on the national insurance in Indonesia. Nine patients of SPCM have been noted and analyzed, in 4 patients the lesions were located on the right, while 5 patients had lesions on the left side. CT and/or MRI with contrast imaging were used to determine the tumor invasion and location. All patients were covered by national insurance with a limited budget. Results: Through the year 2019, we operated on 9 patients with SPCM. The majority of the patients were female (6 out of 9). The average age was 46.78 years old. In our series, 1 patient had prolonged stay in the ICU (20 days) with total length of stay (LOS) of 32 days. This patient took extra cost during hospitalization, with a total of 6378 USD. The average LOS in ICU and ward were 2.25 days and 7.38 days respectively, excluding the outlier patient. The mean cost for the surgery of SPCM was 3683.78 USD. Conclusion: The study concludes that patients with SPCM are still manageable based on Indonesian National insurance system although with many limitation.

Objective: To determine the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) magnetic resonance studies in diagnosis of Transient Global Amnesia in patients who fulfilled the clinical diagnostic criteria. Methods: In this systemic review study, 214 patients from 17 previous studies, who fulfilled the clinical diagnostic criteria of tran- sient global amnesia were analyzed, based on imaging findings of DWI MRI according to temporal criteria. PubMed was meticulously searched. Results: DWI findings in at least one hippocampus were found in 180 of 214 patients, regardless of the time the MRI performed. This accounted for the majority, 84.1%, of all patients who met the diagnostic criteria for TGA. Hippocampal DWI lesions were more common on the left one. The percentages of positive neuroimaging findings compared to the time the episode of TGA begins and the clinical signs are apparent as follows: 84,1% in general, 26%, when the examination is performed within the first day, 71,9% in ap- proximately 24 hours, 87,2% at 36 hours, 82,3% at 48 hours, 72,7% at 72 hours, 42,8%, when performed in the first days but after 72 hours and 0%, when performed on a remote date, indicating the transient nature of the episode. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the best time to perform cranial MRI DWI seems to be between 36 to 48 hours after the initiation of the clinical semiology of transient global amnesia.

The purpose of this study is to seek an ultimate and most convenient solution with those who have been diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease through the root cause of the disease and seeking to revitalize the body back to its state of its physical health, rather than treating the disease through conventional medicine, which have been proven to just treat the symptoms, and thereafter leaving behind a series of drug-induced side effects. Human is irrevocably part of the entire nature, and therefore, seeking a permanent solution should only be conducted through nature. Whereas, nature is created, and not invented. Any interference to nature through invention results to detrimental side effects. However, the human body should strictly be adhered to the entire Cosmogenic Systems Laws of Nature (CSLN)

Background: Atlantoaxial instability during rotational head movements is often the cause of hemodynamic disturbances in the vertebral arteries. Objective: Dopplerographic evaluation of blood flow parameters in vertebral arteries in patients with atlantoaxial instability. Methods: Doppler ultrasonography of the vertebral arteries (VA) was performed in 36 patients with atlantoaxial instability. The maximum systolic velocity (Vs), end diastolic velocity (Vd), resistance index (RI) and minute flow volume (MFV) in the second and third segments of the VA in the neutral position, with ipsilateral and contralateral rotation of the head were determined. Results: The RI in the left VA was highest during contralateral head rotation and amounted to 0.71 ± 0.03, which is significantly (P< 0.01) higher than in healthy individuals. The same trend in the dynamics of hemodynamic parameters was observed in the right vertebral artery. With contralateral rotation (turn left), Vs in the right VA was 54.9 ± 5.1 cm/sec, with ipsilateral rotation (turn right) - 37.4 ± 3.6 cm/sec (P lr <0.01), and in the comparative group - 47.8 ± 4.3 cm/sec. The RI in the right VA with contralateral head rotation was 0.70 ± 0.03, and with ipsilateral rotation it was 0.69 ± 0.03, which is significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in healthy individuals. PI had the highest value in the left VA during contralateral head rotation and was 1.05 ± 0.07, which is significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in healthy individuals. The smallest MFV was also recorded in the left VA during contralateral head rotation and was 92 ± 10 ml/min - significantly (P < 0.05) less than in healthy individuals Conclusion: In atlantoaxial instability, rotational head movements lead to a deterioration in hemodynamic parameters in the third segment of the vertebral arteries in the form of a decrease in the minute volume of blood flow, an increase in resistance and pulsation indices. With ipsilateral rotation of the head, the blood flow velocity in the vertebral artery of the same name decreases, while during contralateral rotation, on the contrary, it increases. The difference in comparison between blood flow indicators on the opposite artery and the results of healthy individuals has a significant value.

Psychological protection is used by a person to overcome the consequences of stressful situations. The use of psychological pro- tection has a positive effect in the short term, but their use in the expressed version indicates the presence of conflicts in the value sphere or the insufficient level of its development. The paper pres- ents data on the use of psychological protection by underage pregnant women and girls who gave birth.

Victoria hospital a specialized COVID center in Bangalore saw more than 10,000 patients with COVID-19 infection who have been admitted to our hospital. Most of the patients that were taken up for the study were moderate to severely ill and at a risk of developing acute delirium, Neurotropic properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its neurological expressions have been established, this study hence was designed to find the prevalence and risk factors for developing acute delirium in patients admitted with COVID-19 infection. The study includes 10,200 covid infected patient admitted to Victoria hospital, of which about 550 cases were found to have neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Personality disorders (PD) in adolescence are widespread. It creates problems of social adaptation of patients and represents significant risk factors for auto-aggressive behavior, including suicidal one. The neurobiological basis and EEG markers of PD in adolescence have not been adequately studied. The aim of the study was identification of EEG features and their correlations with clinical parameters in adolescent patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), possibly mediating some aspects of their clinical traits.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of prenatal training on modulating anxiety sensitivity and anxiety control perception in stress-prone pregnant women. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 125 volunteers by convenience sampling method and 40 persons were randomly selected and divided into two groups (experimental/control). Each individual has answered the pregnancy anxiety, anxiety control perception and anxiety sensitivity questionnaires before and after training. During the training, experimental techniques and healthy lifestyle were taught during 8 sessions of 120 minutes. Experimental results, with Cronbach’s alpha higher than 0.92, indicate that stress management training combined with healthy lifestyle techniques increased anxiety control perception (p < 0.05), while decreasing perceived stress and pregnancy anxiety in stress-prone pregnant women (p< 0.05). Moreover, the results show that psychological training during pregnancy, such as relaxation and healthy lifestyle, reduces pregnancy anxiety, perceived stress and increases anxiety control perception in pregnant women prone to stress